Acquiring Acronym
Acronyms are both very popular and very important in the English language. It makes our speech & writing more efficient. It is important to learn the meanings of acronyms, so you can more easily understand the language. You use many acronyms when communicating on the internet, such as: lol (lots of laughs), btw (by the way) & wtf (what the fuck?).
Translate the following acronyms:
1. CNN:Cable News Network, usually referred to by its initialism CNN, is a major English language television network founded in 1980 by Ted Turner.The network is now owned by Time Warner and the news network is a division of the Turner Broadcasting System. CNN was the first station to provide 24-hour television news coverage. It is now second only to Britain's BBC News in the number of employed news journalists and worldwide news bureaus.
2. UFO:Unidentificated Flying Object.
3. SCUBA:self-contained underwater breathing apparatus
4. IBM:International Business Machines.
5. VHS:Video Home System
6. DVD:DVD (also known as "Digital Versatile Disc" or "Digital Video Disc") is a popular optical disc storage media format. Its main uses are video and data storage. Most DVDs are of the same dimensions as compact discs (CDs) but store more than six times as much data.
7. SNAFU:SNAFU is an acronym meaning roughly, "things are in a mess — as usual". The most commonly accepted rendering is "Situation Normal: All Fucked Up". In computer jargon, it sometimes is intended to mean "Systems Neatly All Fucked Up". It is sometimes bowdlerized to "Situation Normal: All Fouled Up" or similar,in circumstances where profanity is discouraged or censored. In modern usage, "snafu" is often used as an interjection, as a shorthand for the sentiment expressed by the phrase. "Snafu" is also sometimes used as a noun or verb, referring to a situation that suddenly went awry, or the cause of the trouble.
8. LASER:A laser is a device that emits light (electromagnetic radiation) through a process called stimulated emission. The term "laser" is an acronym for Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation.Laser light is usually spatially coherent, which means that the light either is emitted in a narrow, low-divergence beam, or can be converted into one with the help of optical components such as lenses. Typically, lasers are thought of as emitting light with a narrow wavelength spectrum ("monochromatic" light).
9. RADAR:Radar is a system that uses electromagnetic waves to identify the range, altitude, direction, or speed of both moving and fixed objects such as aircraft, ships, motor vehicles, weather formations, and terrain.
10. NATO:The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)also called the (North) Atlantic Alliance, is a military alliance established by the signing of the North Atlantic Treaty on 4 April 1949. The NATO headquarters are in Brussels, Belgium,and the organization constitutes a system of collective defence whereby its member states agree to mutual defense in response to an attack by any external party.
11. FAQ:FAQ, or Frequently Asked Question(s), are listed questions and answers, all supposed to be frequently asked in some context, and pertaining to a particular topic.
12. CD-ROM:CD-ROM (an initialism of "Compact Disc Read-Only Memory") is a pre-pressed Compact Disc that contains data accessible to, but not writable by, a computer. While the Compact Disc format was originally designed for music storage and playback, the 1985 “Yellow Book” standard developed by Sony and Philips adapted the format to hold any form of binary data.
13. DNA:Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a nucleic acid that contains the genetic instructions used in the development and functioning of all known living organisms and some viruses. The main role of DNA molecules is the long-term storage of information.
14. JPEG:In computing,JPEG is a commonly used method of compression for photographic images.
15. ATM:An automated teller machine (ATM) is a computerized telecommunications device that provides the customers of a financial institution with access to financial transactions in a public space without the need for a human clerk or bank teller.
16. BCE/A.D.:BC stands for "before Christ" and AD stands for "after death."
17. EU:The European Union (EU) is a political and economic union of 27 member states, located primarily in Europe. It was established by the Treaty of Maastricht in 1993 upon the foundations of the pre-existing European Economic Community. With almost 500 million citizens, the EU combined generates an estimated 30% share of the world's nominal gross domestic product.
18. NAFTA:The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)is a trilateral trade bloc in North America created by the governments of the United States, Canada, and Mexico.
19. 4WD:Four-wheel drive, 4WD, or 4x4 ("four by four") is a four-wheeled vehicle with a drivetrain that allows all four wheels to receive torque from the engine simultaneously. While many people associate the term with off-road vehicles, powering all four wheels provides better control in normal road cars on many surfaces, and is an important part of rally racing.
20. AWD:Americans with disabilities comprise one of the largest minority groups in the United States.
21. CIA:The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) is a civilian intelligence agency of the United States government. Its primary function is collecting and analyzing information about foreign governments, corporations, and persons in order to advise public policymakers.
22. FUBAR:FUBAR is an acronym that commonly means "Fucked Up Beyond All Repair" (used to describe the state of some equipment) or "Fucked Up Beyond All Recognition" (used to describe a situation or scenario), which now exists in many variations.
23. FIDO:"Fido" is a common name for a pet dog, from the Latin fidelis, faithful.
24. ABS:Able Seaman (rank),In the Royal Navy in the middle of the 18th century, the term Able Seaman (abbreviated AB) referred to a seaman with at least two years' experience at sea. Seamen with less experience were referred to as landmen or ordinary seamen.
25. TLC:TLC The Land Conservancy of British Columbia is a not-for-profit, charitable land trust based in British Columbia, Canada. It was formed in 1997, with strong influences from The National Trust of England, Ireland and Wales, with whom it partakes in staff exchanges.
viernes, 28 de noviembre de 2008
domingo, 26 de octubre de 2008
Assignment #4/Early Modern English & Modern English (maria joes sanhueza jofre )
1.Define and explain, The Great Vowel Shift.
-the Great Vowel Shift, explaining much of the non-phonetic spelling of contemporary Modern English.
The Great Vowel Shift was a major change in the pronunciation of the English language that took place in the south of England between 1200 and 1600.The Great Vowel Shift was first studied by Otto Jespersen (1860–1943), a Danish linguist and Anglicist, who coined the term.
2. Name 5 dialects of Modern English.
- American English
- British English
- Caribbean English
- South African English
- Indo-Pakistani English
3. One of the problems with Early Modern English was a lack of uniformity in spelling. Which 2 people (1-English, 1-American) helped establish standardized spelling?
-The orthography in Early Modern English was fairly similar to that of today, but spelling was phonetic and unstable; for example, the word acuity could be spelled either or . Further, there were a number of features of spelling that have not been retained:
The letter had two distinct lowercase forms: as today, and <ſ> (long s). The former was used at the end of a word, and the latter everywhere else, except that double-lowercase-S was variously written <ſſ> or <ſs>.
and were not yet considered two distinct letters, but different forms of the same letter. Typographically, was used at the start of a word[citation needed] and in its interior; hence vnmoued (for modern unmoved) and loue (for love).
A silent was often appended to words. The last consonant sometimes was doubled when adding this ; hence ſpeake, cowarde, manne (for man), runne (for run).
The sound /ʌ/ was often written (as in son); hence ſommer, plombe (for modern summer, plumb).
4. How many countries in the world have given Modern English official status?
-In 53 countries, is the first language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Ireland and the Anglophone Caribbean.
5. The most recent statistics show that approximately how many people speak Modern English as a:
I. First language? II. Second Language?
-It is used extensively as a second language and as an official language throughout the world.
6. When was Early Modern English spoken?
-the English language started around 1750: the British settlement of America.
7. How are the use of Pronouns different between Early Modern & Modern English?
-In Early Modern English, there were two second-person personal pronouns: thou, the informal singular pronoun, and ye, which was both the plural pronoun and the formal singular pronoun (like modern French tu and vous or the German du and Sie). (Thou was already falling out of use in the Early Modern English period, but remained customary for addressing God and certain other solemn occasions, and sometimes for addressing inferiors.) Like other personal pronouns, thou and ye had different forms depending on their grammatical case; specifically, the objective form of thou was thee, its possessive forms were thy and thine, and its reflexive or emphatic form was thyself, while ye's objective form was you, its possessive forms were your and yours, and its reflexive or emphatic forms were yourself and yourselves.
In other respects, the pronouns were much the same as today. One difference is that, much as a becomes an before a vowel, my and thy became mine and thine before vowels as well; hence, mine eyes, thine uncle, and so on.
8. Which language families does Modern English belong in?
- Indo-European
- Germanic
- West Germanic
- Anglo-Frisian
- Anglic.
9. Name 4 worldwide uses for Modern English.
10. In your opinion, what was the greatest influence on the spread of Modern English around the world? Why?
-the Great Vowel Shift, explaining much of the non-phonetic spelling of contemporary Modern English.
The Great Vowel Shift was a major change in the pronunciation of the English language that took place in the south of England between 1200 and 1600.The Great Vowel Shift was first studied by Otto Jespersen (1860–1943), a Danish linguist and Anglicist, who coined the term.
2. Name 5 dialects of Modern English.
- American English
- British English
- Caribbean English
- South African English
- Indo-Pakistani English
3. One of the problems with Early Modern English was a lack of uniformity in spelling. Which 2 people (1-English, 1-American) helped establish standardized spelling?
-The orthography in Early Modern English was fairly similar to that of today, but spelling was phonetic and unstable; for example, the word acuity could be spelled either or . Further, there were a number of features of spelling that have not been retained:
The letter had two distinct lowercase forms: as today, and <ſ> (long s). The former was used at the end of a word, and the latter everywhere else, except that double-lowercase-S was variously written <ſſ> or <ſs>.
and were not yet considered two distinct letters, but different forms of the same letter. Typographically, was used at the start of a word[citation needed] and in its interior; hence vnmoued (for modern unmoved) and loue (for love).
A silent was often appended to words. The last consonant sometimes was doubled when adding this ; hence ſpeake, cowarde, manne (for man), runne (for run).
The sound /ʌ/ was often written (as in son); hence ſommer, plombe (for modern summer, plumb).
4. How many countries in the world have given Modern English official status?
-In 53 countries, is the first language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Ireland and the Anglophone Caribbean.
5. The most recent statistics show that approximately how many people speak Modern English as a:
I. First language? II. Second Language?
-It is used extensively as a second language and as an official language throughout the world.
6. When was Early Modern English spoken?
-the English language started around 1750: the British settlement of America.
7. How are the use of Pronouns different between Early Modern & Modern English?
-In Early Modern English, there were two second-person personal pronouns: thou, the informal singular pronoun, and ye, which was both the plural pronoun and the formal singular pronoun (like modern French tu and vous or the German du and Sie). (Thou was already falling out of use in the Early Modern English period, but remained customary for addressing God and certain other solemn occasions, and sometimes for addressing inferiors.) Like other personal pronouns, thou and ye had different forms depending on their grammatical case; specifically, the objective form of thou was thee, its possessive forms were thy and thine, and its reflexive or emphatic form was thyself, while ye's objective form was you, its possessive forms were your and yours, and its reflexive or emphatic forms were yourself and yourselves.
In other respects, the pronouns were much the same as today. One difference is that, much as a becomes an before a vowel, my and thy became mine and thine before vowels as well; hence, mine eyes, thine uncle, and so on.
8. Which language families does Modern English belong in?
- Indo-European
- Germanic
- West Germanic
- Anglo-Frisian
- Anglic.
9. Name 4 worldwide uses for Modern English.
10. In your opinion, what was the greatest influence on the spread of Modern English around the world? Why?
lunes, 20 de octubre de 2008
Assignment # 3: Middle English (maria jose sanhueza jofre)
1. Approximately when was Middle English spoken?
the English language spoken between the Norman invasion of 1066 and about 1470.
2. What were the major factors which led to the development and the spread of Middle English?
when the Chancery Standard, a form of London-based English, began to become widespread, a process aided by the introduction of the printing press into England by William Caxton in the 1470s, and slightly later by Richard Pynson. By this time the Northumbrian dialect (prevalent in Northern England) spoken in southeast Scotland was developing into the Scots language. The language of England as spoken after this time, up to 1650, is known as Early Modern English.
3. Match the following Old English words with their Anglo-Norman equivalent:
A. Pig: pork
B. Cow: beef
C. Wood: forest
D. Sheep: mutton
E. House: mansion
F. Worthy: honourable
G. Bold: courageous
4. Compare & contrast the structure of nouns, pronouns and verbs, between Middle English & Modern English.
Nouns
Despite losing the slightly more complex system of inflectional endings, Middle English retains two separate noun-ending patterns from Old English. Compare, for example, the early Modern English words engel (angel) and nome (name).
Verbs
As a general rule (and all these rules are general), the first person singular of present tense verbs ends in -e (ich here - "I hear"), the second person in -(e)st (þou spekest - "thou speakest"), and the third person in -eþ (he comeþ - "he cometh/he comes"). (þ is pronounced like the unvoiced th in "think"). In the past tense, weak verbs are formed by an -ed(e), -d(e) or -t(e) ending. These, without their personal endings, also form past participles, together with past-participle prefixes derived from the old English ge-: i-, y- and sometimes bi-. Strong verbs form their past tense by changing their stem vowel (e.g., binden -> bound), as in Modern English.
Pronouns
First and second pronouns survive largely unchanged, with only minor spelling variations. In the third person, the masculine accusative singular became 'him'. The feminine form was replaced by a form of the demonstrative that developed into 'she', but unsteadily—'ho' remains in some areas for a long time. The lack of a strong standard written form between the eleventh and the fifteenth century makes these changes hard to map.
5. How is pronunciation different between Middle English and Modern English?
Generally, all letters in Middle English words were pronounced. (Silent letters in Modern English come from pronunciation shifts but continued spelling conventions.) Therefore 'knight' was pronounced /ˈknɪçt/ (with a pronounced K and a 'gh' as the 'ch' in German 'Knecht'), not /ˈnaɪt/ as in Modern English.
In earlier Middle English, all written vowels were pronounced. By Chaucer's time, however, final -e had become silent in normal speech, but could be optionally pronounced in verse as the meter requires (but normally silent when the next word begins in a vowel). Chaucer follows these conventions: -e is silent in 'kowthe' and 'Thanne', but pronounced in 'straunge', 'ferne', 'ende', etc. (Presumably, final -y is partly or completely dropped in 'Caunterbury', to make the meter flow.)
6. What is the Chancery Standard, and how did it come into effect?
Chancery Standard was a written form of English used by government bureaucracy and for other official purposes from the late 14th century. It is believed to have contributed in a significant way to the development of the English language as spoken and written today. Because of the differing dialects of English spoken and written across the country at the time, the government required a clear and unambiguous form for use in its official documents. Chancery Standard was developed to meet this need.
7. Who wrote the Canterbury Tales?
The Canterbury Tales is a collection of stories written by Geoffrey Chaucer.
8. Describe the medieval pilgrims who journeyed from Canterbury to London.
The group is described in detail, with characters from all classes, upper and lower, represented. Religious characters, such as a monk and a pardoner, travel alongside a sailor, miller, carpenter, and a knight, among others. When the group stops for the night, the host of the pilgrimage proposes that they all tell stories to each other along the way. The pilgrims agree to tell four stories each, two on the way to Canterbury, and two on the way back. The person who tells the best story, as determined by the host, will have his way paid by the rest of the group. The tale-telling begins with the knight and proceeds as the pilgrims near Canterbury, each person telling a story that reflects their social position, and some telling stories which are intended to make fun of others in the group.
9. Why did the pilgrims take this journey?
They took this journey for paying their respects to the tomb of Saint Thomas Becket at Canterbury Cathedral.
10. It is thought that some of the stories in The Canterbury Tales originated in Italy. What was the name of the Italian book and who wrote it?
The name of the Italian book was The Decameron, and it was written by Giovanni Boccaccio.
11. The Canterbury Tales is considered an extremely important book, both in terms of English Literature & in the history of English writing. In your opinion, why is this book so important?
12. Sir Gawain and the Green Knight is:
d. A medieval romance poem, with Arthurian themes.
13. Who is Sir Gwain?
Sir Gawain and the Green Knight is a late 14th-century Middle English alliterative romance outlining an adventure of Sir Gawain, a knight of King Arthur's Round Table.
14. What is the challenge that The Green Knight proposes to the Knights of the Round Table?
The Green knight offers to allow anyone to strike him with his axe if the challenger will take a return blow in a year and a day.
15. What is the similarity between Sir Gwain and the Green Knight and the Irish tale of Cúchulainn?
the similarity is The beheading challenge.
16. What is the importance of the pentagram/pentangle in the poem?
describes the pentangle as a symbol of faithfulness and an "endless knot". It is described as "a sign by Solomon". Solomon, the third king of Israel, in 10th century B.C. was said to have the mark of the pentagram on his ring, which he received from the archangel Michael. The pentagram seal on this ring was said to give Solomon power over demons.The symbol was also associated with magical charms which, if recited or written on a weapon, would call forth magical forces. However, concrete evidence tying the magical pentagram to Gawain's pentangle is scarce.
17. How are numbers used to symbolize events in the poem?
The poet highlights number symbolism to add symmetry and meaning to the poem.
The number two also appears repeatedly, as in the two beheading scenes, two confession scenes, and two castles.
18. What is the significance of Sir Gwain's neck wound?
The neck, specifically, was believed to correlate with the part of the soul related to will, connecting the reasoning part (the head) and the courageous part (the heart). Gawain's sin resulted from using his will to separate reasoning from courage.
19. Which actor played The Green Knight in the film adaptation, Sword of the Valiant?
Sean Connery was the actor in the film.
20. In many ways this poem is, in the modern sense, a soap opera. Compare Sir Gwain and the Green Knight with a modern Chilean teleseries.
the English language spoken between the Norman invasion of 1066 and about 1470.
2. What were the major factors which led to the development and the spread of Middle English?
when the Chancery Standard, a form of London-based English, began to become widespread, a process aided by the introduction of the printing press into England by William Caxton in the 1470s, and slightly later by Richard Pynson. By this time the Northumbrian dialect (prevalent in Northern England) spoken in southeast Scotland was developing into the Scots language. The language of England as spoken after this time, up to 1650, is known as Early Modern English.
3. Match the following Old English words with their Anglo-Norman equivalent:
A. Pig: pork
B. Cow: beef
C. Wood: forest
D. Sheep: mutton
E. House: mansion
F. Worthy: honourable
G. Bold: courageous
4. Compare & contrast the structure of nouns, pronouns and verbs, between Middle English & Modern English.
Nouns
Despite losing the slightly more complex system of inflectional endings, Middle English retains two separate noun-ending patterns from Old English. Compare, for example, the early Modern English words engel (angel) and nome (name).
Verbs
As a general rule (and all these rules are general), the first person singular of present tense verbs ends in -e (ich here - "I hear"), the second person in -(e)st (þou spekest - "thou speakest"), and the third person in -eþ (he comeþ - "he cometh/he comes"). (þ is pronounced like the unvoiced th in "think"). In the past tense, weak verbs are formed by an -ed(e), -d(e) or -t(e) ending. These, without their personal endings, also form past participles, together with past-participle prefixes derived from the old English ge-: i-, y- and sometimes bi-. Strong verbs form their past tense by changing their stem vowel (e.g., binden -> bound), as in Modern English.
Pronouns
First and second pronouns survive largely unchanged, with only minor spelling variations. In the third person, the masculine accusative singular became 'him'. The feminine form was replaced by a form of the demonstrative that developed into 'she', but unsteadily—'ho' remains in some areas for a long time. The lack of a strong standard written form between the eleventh and the fifteenth century makes these changes hard to map.
5. How is pronunciation different between Middle English and Modern English?
Generally, all letters in Middle English words were pronounced. (Silent letters in Modern English come from pronunciation shifts but continued spelling conventions.) Therefore 'knight' was pronounced /ˈknɪçt/ (with a pronounced K and a 'gh' as the 'ch' in German 'Knecht'), not /ˈnaɪt/ as in Modern English.
In earlier Middle English, all written vowels were pronounced. By Chaucer's time, however, final -e had become silent in normal speech, but could be optionally pronounced in verse as the meter requires (but normally silent when the next word begins in a vowel). Chaucer follows these conventions: -e is silent in 'kowthe' and 'Thanne', but pronounced in 'straunge', 'ferne', 'ende', etc. (Presumably, final -y is partly or completely dropped in 'Caunterbury', to make the meter flow.)
6. What is the Chancery Standard, and how did it come into effect?
Chancery Standard was a written form of English used by government bureaucracy and for other official purposes from the late 14th century. It is believed to have contributed in a significant way to the development of the English language as spoken and written today. Because of the differing dialects of English spoken and written across the country at the time, the government required a clear and unambiguous form for use in its official documents. Chancery Standard was developed to meet this need.
7. Who wrote the Canterbury Tales?
The Canterbury Tales is a collection of stories written by Geoffrey Chaucer.
8. Describe the medieval pilgrims who journeyed from Canterbury to London.
The group is described in detail, with characters from all classes, upper and lower, represented. Religious characters, such as a monk and a pardoner, travel alongside a sailor, miller, carpenter, and a knight, among others. When the group stops for the night, the host of the pilgrimage proposes that they all tell stories to each other along the way. The pilgrims agree to tell four stories each, two on the way to Canterbury, and two on the way back. The person who tells the best story, as determined by the host, will have his way paid by the rest of the group. The tale-telling begins with the knight and proceeds as the pilgrims near Canterbury, each person telling a story that reflects their social position, and some telling stories which are intended to make fun of others in the group.
9. Why did the pilgrims take this journey?
They took this journey for paying their respects to the tomb of Saint Thomas Becket at Canterbury Cathedral.
10. It is thought that some of the stories in The Canterbury Tales originated in Italy. What was the name of the Italian book and who wrote it?
The name of the Italian book was The Decameron, and it was written by Giovanni Boccaccio.
11. The Canterbury Tales is considered an extremely important book, both in terms of English Literature & in the history of English writing. In your opinion, why is this book so important?
12. Sir Gawain and the Green Knight is:
d. A medieval romance poem, with Arthurian themes.
13. Who is Sir Gwain?
Sir Gawain and the Green Knight is a late 14th-century Middle English alliterative romance outlining an adventure of Sir Gawain, a knight of King Arthur's Round Table.
14. What is the challenge that The Green Knight proposes to the Knights of the Round Table?
The Green knight offers to allow anyone to strike him with his axe if the challenger will take a return blow in a year and a day.
15. What is the similarity between Sir Gwain and the Green Knight and the Irish tale of Cúchulainn?
the similarity is The beheading challenge.
16. What is the importance of the pentagram/pentangle in the poem?
describes the pentangle as a symbol of faithfulness and an "endless knot". It is described as "a sign by Solomon". Solomon, the third king of Israel, in 10th century B.C. was said to have the mark of the pentagram on his ring, which he received from the archangel Michael. The pentagram seal on this ring was said to give Solomon power over demons.The symbol was also associated with magical charms which, if recited or written on a weapon, would call forth magical forces. However, concrete evidence tying the magical pentagram to Gawain's pentangle is scarce.
17. How are numbers used to symbolize events in the poem?
The poet highlights number symbolism to add symmetry and meaning to the poem.
The number two also appears repeatedly, as in the two beheading scenes, two confession scenes, and two castles.
18. What is the significance of Sir Gwain's neck wound?
The neck, specifically, was believed to correlate with the part of the soul related to will, connecting the reasoning part (the head) and the courageous part (the heart). Gawain's sin resulted from using his will to separate reasoning from courage.
19. Which actor played The Green Knight in the film adaptation, Sword of the Valiant?
Sean Connery was the actor in the film.
20. In many ways this poem is, in the modern sense, a soap opera. Compare Sir Gwain and the Green Knight with a modern Chilean teleseries.
jueves, 11 de septiembre de 2008
Old English (Anglo-Saxon)
1.When was Old English spoken?
-Old English (also called Anglo-Saxon, Englisc by its speakers) is an early form of the English language that was spoken and written in parts of what are now England and southern Scotland between the mid-5th century and the mid-12th century.
2. Name 4 language groups which influenced the development of Old English.
- Germanic Germánico
-West Germanic West germánicas
-Anglo-Frisian Anglo-frisón
-Anglic Anglic
3. In the Phonology section, name 5 phonetical differences between Old English & Modern English.
-[dʒ] is an allophone of /j/ occurring after /n/ and when geminated.
- [ŋ] is an allophone of /n/ occurring before /k/ and /g/
-[v, ð, z] are allophones of /f, θ, s/ respectively, occurring between vowels or voiced consonants.
- [ç, x] are allophones of /h/ occurring in coda position after front and back vowels respectively.
-[ɣ] is an allophone of /g/ occurring after a vowel, and, at an earlier stage of the language, in the syllable onset.
4. Are there any similarites between Old English and Modern English? Name them.
-Unlike modern English, Old English is a language rich with morphological diversity and is spelled essentially as it is pronounced. It maintains several distinct cases: the nominative, accusative, genitive, dative and (vestigially) instrumental, remnants of which survive only in a few pronouns in modern English.
5. In the Orthography section, enlarge the picture of the runic alphabet. How many letters (runes) are there in this alphabet?
-Contains all 34 runes in the Anglo-Saxon Fuþorc.
6. Which epic poem was originally written in Old English?
- The first example is taken from the epic poem Beowulf. The translation is quite literal and represents the original poetic word order. As such, it is not typical of Old English prose. The modern cognates of original words have been used whenever practical to give a close approximation of the feel of the original poem. The words in brackets are implied in the Old English by noun case and the bold words in parentheses are explanations of words which have slightly different meanings in a modern context.
7. In the See Also section, click on: Beowulf. Appoximately when was Beowulf written?
-Beowulf is an Old English heroic epic poem of anonymous authorship, dating as recorded in the Nowell Codex manuscript from between the 8th to the 11th century.
8. Even though Beowulf was written in England, the story takes place in which countries?
-events described as having occurred in what is now Denmark and Sweden.
9. In the poem, which 3 antagonists does Beowulf battle or fight against?
-In the poem, Beowulf, a hero of the Geats, battles three antagonists: Grendel, who has been attacking the mead hall in Denmark called Heorot and its inhabitants; Grendel's mother; and, later in life after returning to Geatland (modern southern Sweden) and becoming a king, he fights an unnamed dragon.
10. What happens to Beowulf at the end of the story?
- Beowulf is fatally wounded in the final battle, and after his death he is buried in a barrow in Geatland by his retainers.
11. Who was the author of Beowulf?
- the author was Laurence Nowell.
12. What were the titles and the dates of the two film versions of Beowulf?
The Beowulf manuscript was transcribed from an original by two scribes: Scribe A and Scribe B, the latter of whom took over at line 1939. The handwriting of the two scribes is ill-matched. The script of Scribe B is archaic. Both scribes proofread their work, and Scribe B even proofread the work of Scribe A.The work of Scribe B bears a striking resemblance to the work of the first scribe of the Blickling homilies, and so much so that it is believed they derive from the same scriptorium. In fact, for at least a century, some scholars have maintained that the description of Grendel’s mere in Beowulf was borrowed from St.Paul’s vision of Hell in Homily 16 of the Blickling homilies.
-Old English (also called Anglo-Saxon, Englisc by its speakers) is an early form of the English language that was spoken and written in parts of what are now England and southern Scotland between the mid-5th century and the mid-12th century.
2. Name 4 language groups which influenced the development of Old English.
- Germanic Germánico
-West Germanic West germánicas
-Anglo-Frisian Anglo-frisón
-Anglic Anglic
3. In the Phonology section, name 5 phonetical differences between Old English & Modern English.
-[dʒ] is an allophone of /j/ occurring after /n/ and when geminated.
- [ŋ] is an allophone of /n/ occurring before /k/ and /g/
-[v, ð, z] are allophones of /f, θ, s/ respectively, occurring between vowels or voiced consonants.
- [ç, x] are allophones of /h/ occurring in coda position after front and back vowels respectively.
-[ɣ] is an allophone of /g/ occurring after a vowel, and, at an earlier stage of the language, in the syllable onset.
4. Are there any similarites between Old English and Modern English? Name them.
-Unlike modern English, Old English is a language rich with morphological diversity and is spelled essentially as it is pronounced. It maintains several distinct cases: the nominative, accusative, genitive, dative and (vestigially) instrumental, remnants of which survive only in a few pronouns in modern English.
5. In the Orthography section, enlarge the picture of the runic alphabet. How many letters (runes) are there in this alphabet?
-Contains all 34 runes in the Anglo-Saxon Fuþorc.
6. Which epic poem was originally written in Old English?
- The first example is taken from the epic poem Beowulf. The translation is quite literal and represents the original poetic word order. As such, it is not typical of Old English prose. The modern cognates of original words have been used whenever practical to give a close approximation of the feel of the original poem. The words in brackets are implied in the Old English by noun case and the bold words in parentheses are explanations of words which have slightly different meanings in a modern context.
7. In the See Also section, click on: Beowulf. Appoximately when was Beowulf written?
-Beowulf is an Old English heroic epic poem of anonymous authorship, dating as recorded in the Nowell Codex manuscript from between the 8th to the 11th century.
8. Even though Beowulf was written in England, the story takes place in which countries?
-events described as having occurred in what is now Denmark and Sweden.
9. In the poem, which 3 antagonists does Beowulf battle or fight against?
-In the poem, Beowulf, a hero of the Geats, battles three antagonists: Grendel, who has been attacking the mead hall in Denmark called Heorot and its inhabitants; Grendel's mother; and, later in life after returning to Geatland (modern southern Sweden) and becoming a king, he fights an unnamed dragon.
10. What happens to Beowulf at the end of the story?
- Beowulf is fatally wounded in the final battle, and after his death he is buried in a barrow in Geatland by his retainers.
11. Who was the author of Beowulf?
- the author was Laurence Nowell.
12. What were the titles and the dates of the two film versions of Beowulf?
The Beowulf manuscript was transcribed from an original by two scribes: Scribe A and Scribe B, the latter of whom took over at line 1939. The handwriting of the two scribes is ill-matched. The script of Scribe B is archaic. Both scribes proofread their work, and Scribe B even proofread the work of Scribe A.The work of Scribe B bears a striking resemblance to the work of the first scribe of the Blickling homilies, and so much so that it is believed they derive from the same scriptorium. In fact, for at least a century, some scholars have maintained that the description of Grendel’s mere in Beowulf was borrowed from St.Paul’s vision of Hell in Homily 16 of the Blickling homilies.
jueves, 4 de septiembre de 2008
my biography! :D
my name is maria jose sanhueza jofre,was born 13 june, 1989 ,in the city Santiago,chile.In the hospital Felix Bulnes,when my mother has seven month's of pregnancy.
i live with my parents, my brother and my pet,the name of my brother is felipe andre he is sixteen yeas old, he study mechanic in the school.the name of my mother is patricia and my father his name is leonel.
My study were in the school grenoble D- 306 until primary education. the secondary education went in the lyceum Dario Enrique Salas.
the last year i did preuniversitario because my dream is study veterinary medicine because i like very much the animals especially the cats and dogs, but i was badly in the psu.
in this moment study pedagogy in english in the university Ucinf,i like learn the languaje and i like the teachers and my future profession.
i live with my parents, my brother and my pet,the name of my brother is felipe andre he is sixteen yeas old, he study mechanic in the school.the name of my mother is patricia and my father his name is leonel.
My study were in the school grenoble D- 306 until primary education. the secondary education went in the lyceum Dario Enrique Salas.
the last year i did preuniversitario because my dream is study veterinary medicine because i like very much the animals especially the cats and dogs, but i was badly in the psu.
in this moment study pedagogy in english in the university Ucinf,i like learn the languaje and i like the teachers and my future profession.
jueves, 10 de julio de 2008
the story....
the video that to go up is very nice the letter of this song I love.
All of these lines across my face
Tell you the story of who I am
So many stories of where I've been
And how I got to where I am
But these stories don't mean anything
When you've got no one to tell them to
It's true...I was made for you
I climbed across the mountain tops
Swam all across the ocean blue
I crossed all the lines and I broke all the rules
But baby I broke them all for you
Because even when I was flat broke
You made me feel like a million bucks
You do
I was made for you
You see the smile that's on my mouth
It's hiding the words that don't come out
And all of my friends who think that I'm blessed
They don't know my head is a mess
No, they don't know who I really am
And they don't know what
I've been through like you do
And I was made for you...
All of these lines across my face
Tell you the story of who I am
So many stories of where I've been
And how I got to where I am
But these stories don't mean anything
When you've got no one to tell them to
It's true...I was made for you
All of these lines across my face
Tell you the story of who I am
So many stories of where I've been
And how I got to where I am
But these stories don't mean anything
When you've got no one to tell them to
It's true...I was made for you
I climbed across the mountain tops
Swam all across the ocean blue
I crossed all the lines and I broke all the rules
But baby I broke them all for you
Because even when I was flat broke
You made me feel like a million bucks
You do
I was made for you
You see the smile that's on my mouth
It's hiding the words that don't come out
And all of my friends who think that I'm blessed
They don't know my head is a mess
No, they don't know who I really am
And they don't know what
I've been through like you do
And I was made for you...
All of these lines across my face
Tell you the story of who I am
So many stories of where I've been
And how I got to where I am
But these stories don't mean anything
When you've got no one to tell them to
It's true...I was made for you
in class....
hi!
well...in this moment tell subject that it´s passing with nico...
present continuous tense the class thats very interesting because learn as user where the words to finish with vowel or consonant, the rules that to apply are of special importance for user good in the grammar...
also...in class with nico learn the different pronunciations where say with "ing" and where say the verb in infinitive...
the class with nico always are very didactic we are do exercise in class on the subject.
well...in this moment tell subject that it´s passing with nico...
present continuous tense the class thats very interesting because learn as user where the words to finish with vowel or consonant, the rules that to apply are of special importance for user good in the grammar...
also...in class with nico learn the different pronunciations where say with "ing" and where say the verb in infinitive...
the class with nico always are very didactic we are do exercise in class on the subject.
sábado, 5 de julio de 2008
jueves, 26 de junio de 2008
what is podcast???
A podcast is a series of digital-media files which are distributed over the Internet using syndication feeds for playback on portable media players and computers. The term podcast, like broadcast, can refer either to the series of content itself or to the method by which it is syndicated; the latter is also called podcasting. The host or author of a podcast is often called a podcaster.
Podcasting's initial appeal was to allow individuals to distribute their own radio-style shows, but the system quickly became used in a wide variety of other ways, including distribution of school lessons,official and unofficial audio tours of museums, conference meeting alerts and updates, and by police departments to distribute public safety messages.
Podcasting is becoming increasingly popular in education.Podcasts enable students and teachers to share information with anyone at any time. An absent student can download the podcast of the recorded lesson. It can be a tool for teachers or administrators to communicate curriculum, assignments and other information with parents and the community. Teachers can record book discussions, vocabulary or foreign language lessons, international pen pal letters, music performance, interviews, and debates. Podcasting can be a publishing tool for student oral presentations. Video podcasts can be used in all these ways as well.
Podcasting's initial appeal was to allow individuals to distribute their own radio-style shows, but the system quickly became used in a wide variety of other ways, including distribution of school lessons,official and unofficial audio tours of museums, conference meeting alerts and updates, and by police departments to distribute public safety messages.
Podcasting is becoming increasingly popular in education.Podcasts enable students and teachers to share information with anyone at any time. An absent student can download the podcast of the recorded lesson. It can be a tool for teachers or administrators to communicate curriculum, assignments and other information with parents and the community. Teachers can record book discussions, vocabulary or foreign language lessons, international pen pal letters, music performance, interviews, and debates. Podcasting can be a publishing tool for student oral presentations. Video podcasts can be used in all these ways as well.
miércoles, 25 de junio de 2008
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